Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes (APS) - Types 1 & 2: APSs include a wide variety of autoimmune disorders that are divided into a very rare juvenile type 1, and a relatively common adult form type 2. There is also a third type that does not affect the adrenal glands. APS type 1 typically occurs in early childhood, while type 2 most often occurs in one's 30s or 40s. Type 1 is caused by mutations of the autoimmune regulatory (AIRE) gene on chromosome 21. It is inherited in a autosomal recessive manner, meaning both parents must be carriers and pass on the faulty gene in order for their child to be affected. The mutation results in the production of defective proteins which cause the autoimmune destruction of target organs. Type 1 can be diagnosed via genetic testing, but not type 2 since it is caused by complex genetic interactions. Check out this infographic to learn more about autoimmune polyglandular syndromes types 1 & 2: